Windows软件仓库

注解

In 2015.8.0 and later, the Windows Software Repository cache is compiled on the Salt Minion, which enables pillar, grains and other things to be available during compilation time. To support this new functionality, a next-generation (ng) package repository was created. See See the Changes in Version 2015.8.0 for details.

The SaltStack Windows Software Repository provides a package manager and software repository similar to what is provided by yum and apt on Linux. This repository enables the installation of software using the installers on remote Windows systems.

In many senses, the operation is similar to that of the other package managers salt is aware of:

  • pkg.installed 及类似的配置管理可以在Windows上运行.

  • pkg.install 及类似的模块函数能在Windows上运行.

与yum和apt不同之处:

  • The repository metadata (SLS files) is hosted through either salt or git.

  • 软件包可以从salt仓库, git仓库, http(s)或ftp中进行下载.

  • 不管理依赖性. 包之间的依赖性需要手动管理.

Requirements:

  • GitPython 0.3 or later, or pygit2 0.20.3 with libgit 0.20.0 or later installed on your Salt master. The Windows package definitions are downloaded and updated using Git.

Configuration

Populate the Repository

The SLS files used to install Windows packages are not distributed by default with Salt. Run the following command to initialize the repository on your Salt master:

salt-run winrepo.update_git_repos

Sync Repo to Windows Minions

Run pkg.refresh_db on each of your Windows minions to synchronize the package repository.

salt -G 'os:windows' pkg.refresh_db

安装Windows软件

After completing the configuration steps, you are ready to manage software on your Windows minions.

Show Installed Packages

salt -G 'os:windows' pkg.list_pkgs

Install a Package

You can query the available version of a package using the Salt pkg module.

salt winminion pkg.available_version firefox

{'firefox': {'15.0.1': 'Mozilla Firefox 15.0.1 (x86 en-US)',
             '16.0.2': 'Mozilla Firefox 16.0.2 (x86 en-US)',
             '17.0.1': 'Mozilla Firefox 17.0.1 (x86 en-US)'}}

正如你所看到的，有三个版本的Firefox可安装。你可以引用一个软件包通过它的 name 或者 full_name 用单引号引起来。

salt winminion pkg.install 'firefox'

上边的命令将会安装最新版本的Firefox.

salt winminion pkg.install 'firefox' version=16.0.2

上边的命令将会安装Firefox的16.0.2版本.

If a different version of the package is already installed it will be replaced with the version in the winrepo (only if the package itself supports live updating).

你可以同样指定完整名:

salt winminion pkg.install 'Mozilla Firefox 17.0.1 (x86 en-US)'

卸载Windows软件

使用pkg模块卸载软件包:

salt winminion pkg.remove firefox
salt winminion pkg.purge firefox

注解

pkg.purge 在Windows上只是执行 pkg.remove. 未来的 pkg.purge 可能会支持移除所有软件包的配置及设置选项.

Repository Location

Salt maintains a repository of SLS files to install a large number of Windows packages:

By default, these repositories are mirrored to /srv/salt/win/repo_ng and /srv/salt/win/repo.

This location can be changed in the master config file by setting the winrepo_dir_ng and winrepo_dir options.

Maintaining Windows Repo Definitions in Git Repositories

Windows software package definitions can be hosted in one or more Git repositories. The default repositories are hosted on GitHub by SaltStack. These include software definition files for various open source software projects. These software definition files are .sls files. There are two default repositories: salt-winrepo and salt-winrepo-ng. salt-winrepo contains software definition files for older minions (older than 2015.8.0). salt-winrepo-ng is for newer minions (2015.8.0 and newer).

Each software definition file contains all the information salt needs to install that software on a minion including the HTTP or FTP locations of the installer files, required command-line switches for silent install, etc. Anyone is welcome to send a pull request to this repo to add new package definitions. The repos can be browsed here: salt-winrepo salt-winrepo-ng

注解

The newer software definition files are run through the salt's parser which allows for the use of jinja.

Configure which git repositories the master can search for package definitions by modifying or extending the winrepo_remotes and winrepo_remotes_ng options.

重要

winrepo_remotes was called win_gitrepos in Salt versions earlier than 2015.8.0

Package definitions are pulled down from the online repository by running the winrepo.update_git_repos runner. This command is run on the master:

salt-run winrepo.update_git_repos

This will pull down the software definition files for older minions (salt-winrepo) and new minions (salt-winrepo-ng). They are stored in the file_roots under win/repo/salt-winrepo and win/repo-ng/salt-winrepo-ng respectively.

重要

If you have customized software definition files that aren't maintained in a repository, those should be stored under win/repo for older minions and win/repo-ng for newer minions. The reason for this is that the contents of win/repo/salt-winrepo and win/repo-ng/salt-winrepo-ng are wiped out every time you run a winrepo.update_git_repos.

Additionally, when you run winrepo.genrepo and pkg.refresh_db the entire contents under win/repo and win/repo-ng, to include all subdirectories, are used to create the msgpack file.

The next step (if you have older minions) is to create the msgpack file for the repo (winrepo.p). This is done by running the winrepo.genrepo runner. This is also run on the master:

salt-run winrepo.genrepo

注解

If you have only 2015.8.0 and newer minions, you no longer need to run salt-run winrepo.genrepo on the master.

Finally, you need to refresh the minion database by running the pkg.refresh_db command. This is run on the master as well:

salt '*' pkg.refresh_db

On older minions (older than 2015.8.0) this will copy the winrepo.p file down to the minion. On newer minions (2015.8.0 and newer) this will copy all the software definition files (.sls) down to the minion and then create the msgpack file (winrepo.p) locally. The reason this is done locally is because the jinja needs to be parsed using the minion's grains.

重要

Every time you modify the software definition files on the master, either by running salt-run winrepo.update_git_repos, modifying existing files, or by creating your own, you need to refresh the database on your minions. For older minions, that means running salt-run winrepo.genrepo and then salt '*' pkg.refresh_db. For newer minions (2015.8.0 and newer) it is just salt '*' pkg.refresh_db.

注解

If the winrepo.genrepo or the pkg.refresh_db fails, it is likely a problem with the jinja in one of the software definition files. This will cause the operations to stop. You'll need to fix the syntax in order for the msgpack file to be created successfully.

Creating a Package Definition SLS File

The package definition file is a yaml file that contains all the information needed to install a piece of software using salt. It defines information about the package to include version, full name, flags required for the installer and uninstaller, whether or not to use the windows task scheduler to install the package, where to find the installation package, etc.

Take a look at this example for Firefox:

firefox:
  '17.0.1':
    installer: 'salt://win/repo/firefox/English/Firefox Setup 17.0.1.exe'
    full_name: Mozilla Firefox 17.0.1 (x86 en-US)
    locale: en_US
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '-ms'
    uninstaller: '%ProgramFiles(x86)%/Mozilla Firefox/uninstall/helper.exe'
    uninstall_flags: '/S'
  '16.0.2':
    installer: 'salt://win/repo/firefox/English/Firefox Setup 16.0.2.exe'
    full_name: Mozilla Firefox 16.0.2 (x86 en-US)
    locale: en_US
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '-ms'
    uninstaller: '%ProgramFiles(x86)%/Mozilla Firefox/uninstall/helper.exe'
    uninstall_flags: '/S'
  '15.0.1':
    installer: 'salt://win/repo/firefox/English/Firefox Setup 15.0.1.exe'
    full_name: Mozilla Firefox 15.0.1 (x86 en-US)
    locale: en_US
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '-ms'
    uninstaller: '%ProgramFiles(x86)%/Mozilla Firefox/uninstall/helper.exe'
    uninstall_flags: '/S'

Each software definition file begins with a package name for the software. As in the example above firefox. The next line is indented two spaces and contains the version to be defined. As in the example above, a software definition file can define multiple versions for the same piece of software. The lines following the version are indented two more spaces and contain all the information needed to install that package.

警告

The package name and the full_name must be unique to all other packages in the software repository.

The version line is the version for the package to be installed. It is used when you need to install a specific version of a piece of software.

警告

The version must be enclosed in quotes, otherwise the yaml parser will remove trailing zeros.

注解

There are unique situations where previous versions are unavailable. Take Google Chrome for example. There is only one url provided for a standalone installation of Google Chrome. (https://dl.google.com/edgedl/chrome/install/GoogleChromeStandaloneEnterprise.msi) When a new version is released, the url just points to the new version. To handle situations such as these, set the version to latest. Salt will install the version of Chrome at the URL and report that version. Here's an example:

chrome:
  latest:
    full_name: 'Google Chrome'
    installer: 'https://dl.google.com/edgedl/chrome/install/GoogleChromeStandaloneEnterprise.msi'
    install_flags: '/qn /norestart'
    uninstaller: 'https://dl.google.com/edgedl/chrome/install/GoogleChromeStandaloneEnterprise.msi'
    uninstall_flags: '/qn /norestart'
    msiexec: True
    locale: en_US
    reboot: False

Available parameters are as follows:

param str full_name:
 The Full Name for the software as shown in "Programs and Features" in the control panel. You can also get this information by installing the package manually and then running pkg.list_pkgs. Here's an example of the output from pkg.list_pkgs: 
salt 'test-2008' pkg.list_pkgs
test-2008
    ----------
    7-Zip 9.20 (x64 edition):
        9.20.00.0
    Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Client Profile:
        4.0.30319,4.0.30319
    Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Extended:
        4.0.30319,4.0.30319
    Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x64 9.0.21022:
        9.0.21022
    Mozilla Firefox 17.0.1 (x86 en-US):
        17.0.1
    Mozilla Maintenance Service:
        17.0.1
    NSClient++ (x64):
        0.3.8.76
    Notepad++:
        6.4.2
    Salt Minion 0.16.0:
        0.16.0

Notice the Full Name for Firefox: Mozilla Firefox 17.0.0 (x86 en-US). That's exactly what's in the full_name parameter in the software definition file.

If any of the software insalled on the machine matches one of the software definition files in the repository the full_name will be automatically renamed to the package name. The example below shows the pkg.list_pkgs for a machine that already has Mozilla Firefox 17.0.1 installed.

test-2008:
    ----------
    7zip:
        9.20.00.0
    Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Client Profile:
        4.0.30319,4.0.30319
    Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Extended:
        4.0.30319,4.0.30319
    Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable - x64 9.0.21022:
        9.0.21022
    Mozilla Maintenance Service:
        17.0.1
    Notepad++:
        6.4.2
    Salt Minion 0.16.0:
        0.16.0
    firefox:
        17.0.1
    nsclient:
        0.3.9.328

重要

The version number and full_name need to match the output from pkg.list_pkgs so that the status can be verified when running highstate.

注解

It is still possible to successfully install packages using pkg.install even if they don't match. This can make troubleshooting difficult so be careful.

param str installer:
 The path to the .exe or .msi to use to install the package. This can be a path or a URL. If it is a URL or a salt path (salt://), the package will be cached locally and then executed. If it is a path to a file on disk or a file share, it will be executed directly.
param str install_flags:
 Any flags that need to be passed to the installer to make it perform a silent install. These can often be found by adding /? or /h when running the installer from the command-line. A great resource for finding these silent install flags can be found on the WPKG project's wiki:

Salt will not return if the installer is waiting for user input so these are important.

param str uninstaller:
 

The path to the program used to uninstall this software. This can be the path to the same exe or msi used to install the software. It can also be a GUID. You can find this value in the registry under the following keys:

  • Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall
  • Software\Wow6432None\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall
param str uninstall_flags:
 

Any flags that need to be passed to the uninstaller to make it perform a silent uninstall. These can often be found by adding /? or /h when running the uninstaller from the command-line. A great resource for finding these silent install flags can be found on the WPKG project's wiki:

Salt will not return if the uninstaller is waiting for user input so these are important.

Here are some examples of installer and uninstaller settings:

7zip:
  '9.20.00.0':
    installer: salt://win/repo/7zip/7z920-x64.msi
    full_name: 7-Zip 9.20 (x64 edition)
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '/qn /norestart'
    msiexec: True
    uninstaller: '{23170F69-40C1-2702-0920-000001000000}'
    uninstall_flags: '/qn /norestart'

Alternatively the uninstaller can also simply repeat the URL of the msi file.

7zip:
  '9.20.00.0':
    installer: salt://win/repo/7zip/7z920-x64.msi
    full_name: 7-Zip 9.20 (x64 edition)
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '/qn /norestart'
    msiexec: True
    uninstaller: salt://win/repo/7zip/7z920-x64.msi
    uninstall_flags: '/qn /norestart'
param bool msiexec:
 This tells salt to use msiexec /i to install the package and msiexec /x to uninstall. This is for .msi installations.
param bool allusers:
 This parameter is specific to .msi installations. It tells msiexec to install the software for all users. The default is True.
param bool cache_dir:
 If true, the entire directory where the installer resides will be recursively cached. This is useful for installers that depend on other files in the same directory for installation.

注解

Only applies to salt: installer URLs.

Here's an example for a software package that has dependent files:

sqlexpress:
  '12.0.2000.8':
    installer: 'salt://win/repo/sqlexpress/setup.exe'
    full_name: Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Setup (English)
    reboot: False
    install_flags: '/ACTION=install /IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS /Q'
    cache_dir: True
param bool use_scheduler:
 If true, windows will use the task scheduler to run the installation. This is useful for running the salt installation itself as the installation process kills any currently running instances of salt.
param str source_hash:
 This tells salt to compare a hash sum of the installer

to the provided hash sum before execution. The value can be formatted as hash_algorithm=hash_sum, or it can be a URI to a file containing the hash sum. For a list of supported algorithms, see the hashlib documentation.

Here's an example of source_hash usage:

messageanalyzer:
  '4.0.7551.0':
    full_name: 'Microsoft Message Analyzer'
    installer: 'salt://win/repo/messageanalyzer/MessageAnalyzer64.msi'
    install_flags: '/quiet /norestart'
    uninstaller: '{1CC02C23-8FCD-487E-860C-311EC0A0C933}'
    uninstall_flags: '/quiet /norestart'
    msiexec: True
    source_hash: 'sha1=62875ff451f13b10a8ff988f2943e76a4735d3d4'
param bool reboot:
 Not implemented
param str local:
 Not implemented

Examples can be found at https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng

Managing Windows Software on a Standalone Windows Minion

The Windows Package Repository functions similar in a standalone environment, with a few differences in the configuration.

To replace the winrepo runner that is used on the Salt master, an execution module exists to provide the same functionality to standalone minions. The functions are named the same as the ones in the runner, and are used in the same way; the only difference is that salt-call is used instead of salt-run:

salt-call winrepo.update_git_repos
salt-call winrepo.genrepo
salt-call pkg.refresh_db

After executing the previous commands the repository on the standalone system is ready to use.

Custom Location for Repository SLS Files

If file_roots has not been modified in the minion configuration, then no additional configuration needs to be added to the minion configuration. The winrepo.genrepo function from the winrepo execution module will by default look for the filename specified by winrepo_cachefile within C:\salt\srv\salt\win\repo.

If the file_roots parameter has been modified, then winrepo_dir must be modified to fall within that path, at the proper relative path. For example, if the base environment in file_roots points to D:\foo, and winrepo_source_dir is salt://win/repo, then winrepo_dir must be set to D:\foo\win\repo to ensure that winrepo.genrepo puts the cachefile into right location.

Config Options for Minions 2015.8.0 and Later

The winrepo_source_dir config parameter (default: salt://win/repo) controls where pkg.refresh_db looks for the cachefile (default: winrepo.p). This means that the default location for the winrepo cachefile would be salt://win/repo/winrepo.p. Both winrepo_source_dir and winrepo_cachefile can be adjusted to match the actual location of this file on the Salt fileserver.

Config Options for Minions Before 2015.8.0

If connected to a master, the minion will by default look for the winrepo cachefile (the file generated by the winrepo.genrepo runner) at salt://win/repo/winrepo.p. If the cachefile is in a different path on the salt fileserver, then win_repo_cachefile will need to be updated to reflect the proper location.

Changes in Version 2015.8.0

Git repository management for the Windows Software Repository has changed in version 2015.8.0, and several master/minion config parameters have been renamed to make their naming more consistent with each other.

For a list of the winrepo config options, see here for master config options, and here for configuration options for masterless Windows minions.

On the master, the winrepo.update_git_repos runner has been updated to use either pygit2 or GitPython to checkout the git repositories containing repo data. If pygit2 or GitPython is installed, existing winrepo git checkouts should be removed after upgrading to 2015.8.0, to allow them to be checked out again by running winrepo.update_git_repos.

If neither GitPython nor pygit2 are installed, then Salt will fall back to the pre-existing behavior for winrepo.update_git_repos, and a warning will be logged in the master log.

注解

Standalone Windows minions do not support the new GitPython/pygit2 functionality, and will instead use the git.latest state to keep repositories up-to-date. More information on how to use the Windows Software Repo on a standalone minion can be found here.

Config Parameters Renamed

Many of the legacy winrepo configuration parameters have changed in version 2015.8.0 to make the naming more consistent. The old parameter names will still work, but a warning will be logged indicating that the old name is deprecated.

Below are the parameters which have changed for version 2015.8.0:

Master Config

Old Name New Name
win_repo winrepo_dir
win_repo_mastercachefile winrepo_cachefile
win_gitrepos winrepo_remotes

注解

winrepo_cachefile is no longer used by 2015.8.0 and later minions, and the winrepo_dir setting is replaced by winrepo_dir_ng for 2015.8.0 and later minions.

See here for detailed information on all master config options for the Windows Repo.

Minion Config

Old Name New Name
win_repo winrepo_dir
win_repo_cachefile winrepo_cachefile
win_gitrepos winrepo_remotes

See here for detailed information on all minion config options for the Windows Repo.

pygit2/GitPython Support for Maintaining Git Repos

The winrepo.update_git_repos runner (and the corresponding remote execution function for standalone minions) now makes use of the same underlying code used by the Git Fileserver Backend and Git External Pillar to maintain and update its local clones of git repositories. If a compatible version of either pygit2 (0.20.3 and later) or GitPython (0.3.0 or later) is installed, then Salt will use it instead of the old method (which invokes the git.latest state).

注解

If compatible versions of both pygit2 and GitPython are installed, then Salt will prefer pygit2, to override this behavior use the winrepo_provider configuration parameter:

winrepo_provider: gitpython

The winrepo execution module (discussed above in the Managing Windows Software on a Standalone Windows Minion section) does not yet officially support the new pygit2/GitPython functionality, but if either pygit2 or GitPython is installed into Salt's bundled Python then it should work. However, it should be considered experimental at this time.

To minimize potential issues, it is a good idea to remove any winrepo git repositories that were checked out by the old (pre-2015.8.0) winrepo code when upgrading the master to 2015.8.0 or later, and run winrepo.update_git_repos to clone them anew after the master is started.

Additional added features include the ability to access authenticated git repositories (NOTE: pygit2 only), and to set per-remote config settings. An example of this would be the following:

winrepo_remotes:
  - https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
  - git@github.com:myuser/myrepo.git:
    - pubkey: /path/to/key.pub
    - privkey: /path/to/key
    - passphrase: myaw3s0m3pa$$phr4$3
  - https://github.com/myuser/privaterepo.git:
    - user: mygithubuser
    - password: CorrectHorseBatteryStaple

注解

Per-remote configuration settings work in the same fashion as they do in gitfs, with global parameters being overridden by their per-remote counterparts (for instance, setting winrepo_passphrase would set a global passphrase for winrepo that would apply to all SSH-based remotes, unless overridden by a passphrase per-remote parameter).

See here for more a more in-depth explanation of how per-remote configuration works in gitfs, the same principles apply to winrepo.

There are a couple other changes in how Salt manages git repos using pygit2/GitPython. First of all, a clean argument has been added to the winrepo.update_git_repos runner, which (if set to True) will tell the runner to dispose of directories under the winrepo_dir which are not explicitly configured. This prevents the need to manually remove these directories when a repo is removed from the config file. To clean these old directories, just pass clean=True, like so:

salt-run winrepo.update_git_repos clean=True

However, if a mix of git and non-git Windows Repo definition files are being used, then this should not be used, as it will remove the directories containing non-git definitions.

The other major change is that collisions between repo names are now detected, and the winrepo.update_git_repos runner will not proceed if any are detected. Consider the following configuration:

winrepo_remotes:
  - https://foo.com/bar/baz.git
  - https://mydomain.tld/baz.git
  - https://github.com/foobar/baz

The winrepo.update_git_repos runner will refuse to update repos here, as all three of these repos would be checked out to the same directory. To work around this, a per-remote parameter called name can be used to resolve these conflicts:

winrepo_remotes:
  - https://foo.com/bar/baz.git
  - https://mydomain.tld/baz.git:
    - name: baz_junior
  - https://github.com/foobar/baz:
    - name: baz_the_third

排错

错误的包名或版本

如果软件包看起来安装正确, 但salt报告了失败, 通常是因为版本号或 full_name 不匹配.

检查包的精确 full_name 和版本信息. 可以使用 ``pkg.list_pkgs``来准确检查已安装的包名及版本号.

sls文件的更改并没有获取到

Ensure you have (re)generated the repository cache file (for older minions) and then updated the repository cache on the relevant minions:

salt-run winrepo.genrepo
salt winminion pkg.refresh_db

Windows 2003下的包管理

On Windows server 2003, you need to install optional Windows component "wmi windows installer provider" to have full list of installed packages. If you don't have this, salt-minion can't report some installed software.

How Success and Failure are Reported

The install state/module function of the Windows package manager works roughly as follows:

  1. 执行 pkg.list_pkgs 并存储结果

  2. 检查是否需要进行操作.(如和 pkg.list_pkgs 结果比对包及版本)

  3. 如果需要, 运行installer命令.

  4. 执行 pkg.list_pkgs 并与安装前比对已存储的结果.

  5. 基于之前和最终的 pkg.list_pkgs 比对结果, 报告安装成功/失败/变更.

If there are any problems in using the package manager it is likely due to the data in your sls files not matching the difference between the pre and post pkg.list_pkgs results.